When writing a novel, how can a character be developed well, but QUICKLY?

They both burst out laughing. “I’m right, though,” Claire went on.

“I don’t know. Partying. Going to a pub. Anything besides sitting on the couch reading…” She squinted. “What the hell are you reading?”

“Yep!” Claire chirped. “There’s this schoolboy, see, and he’s homeless, so he lives in this boarding house that used to be a hot springs bathhouse, which is cheap because it’s haunted, so he decides—”

How did a computer scientist such as Geoffrey Hinton manage to win a Nobel Prize in physics when computer science already has its own Nobel Prize equivalent in the Turing Awards?

“But they’re cold!”

“None of those either. Look upon the wasteland that is my sex life, and see that it is barren. Naught but a moggie followed me home.”

May yelped. “Hey! Your feet are cold!”

My ex moved on so fast. How can I overcome the pain?

“Number one, it’s not porn, it’s ecchi, and number two, why would I waste a perfectly good Saturday doing anything else?” Claire pulled at her tea and sighed. “The only thing that could make this day better is if you'd come home with some cute boy, so that after you kicked him out tomorrow I could live vicariously through you.”

Here’s how we presented the character Claire when she was introduced, which the agent particularly singled out:

“I try not to, but thank you for reminding me. I know I don’t need a cat. I don’t want a cat. What would I do with a cat?”

How do you feel about Donald Trump signing an executive order that says there are only two genders?

May pushed Claire’s feet away. Claire rose to peer out the window. “Huh. It’s still there.”

“Exactly.”

“Nary a cute boy in sight.”

In what ways is modern day Russia similar to the USSR? How does it differ from the USSR in terms of culture and politics?

“Well, maybe if you’d wear more clothes, they wouldn’t feel so cold. Hussy!”

“Nope, I mean a cat followed me home. A black cat, to be exact. All the way from the club. Probably still out there, for all I know.”

“Yuuna and the Haunted Hot Springs!” Claire turned the book around.

Scientists Identify Hidden Rule That Shapes All Life on Earth - SciTechDaily

Essentially, what you do is show the character:

After Eunice and I finished London Under Veil, I entered the first chapter in a contest at a convention where you could submit something and have it critiqued by a professional book agent.

“It’s a cat. All cats are weird.” May sipped from her mug, inhaling the warmth. She closed her eyes. The room spun. She opened them again. “Ugh. I think I drank too much.”

What was the most inappropriate thing your parent caught you doing as a teen? Was in the bedroom, I thought nobody else was home. My sister and I shared that bedroom but I knew she was gone. I didn’t know my dad was home though.

“Hang on, are they playing ping-pong?”

“May! You’re home late! Early, I mean. Well, I mean, it’s early in the morning, but you’re home before I expected. Er, after. Before?”

The agent had only one bad thing to say (the synopsis was crap; writing synopses is hard!), but praised the characterization and particularly how well we introduced a character’s personality quickly.

Trump is at a moment of choosing as Israel looks for more US help crushing Iran's nuclear program - AP News

“Tart!”

“Exactly.”

“Claire! Why are you still up?”

Have you ever been humiliated in front of a group of girls and enjoyed it?

“You don’t need a cat. You can’t take care of a cat. You can’t take care of a ficus.” Claire flopped on the other side of the sofa and wriggled her feet beneath May.

“Yes way. It’s washing itself under the street light. Uh-oh, I think it spotted me. It knows I’m watching it. I swear it’s looking at me.”

Claire sat back down, legs tucked elegantly beneath her. “You are looking a bit sloppy,” she said, inspecting May through narrowed eyes.

How do schizophrenia symptoms change throughout the day?

“I know! That’s why I’m putting them under you!”

“Perv.”

“They are! He broke the rules of the boarding house by petting this character while she was in cat form, so they invoke the ancient rules of single combat via ping-pong, and—”

Why isn't bestiality illegal in most states? If children can't consent, then animals DEFINITELY can't consent. Why is being a pedophile a crime but zoophilia is not?

“Thanks. You’re looking pretty ratty yourself. Have you been in that bathrobe all day?”

“You know what? Never mind,” May said. “I am way, way too drunk to be having this conversation.”

“Damn straight. So get to it! This time next week, I want to hear some moans coming through that wall.”

What does it mean when we dream about demons, ghosts, monsters, etc.?

“I’ll put the kettle on.”

“So you didn’t meet any cute boys at the club tonight?” Claire called as she bustled about the small kitchen.

May studied the black and white comic panels. “Oh, my. She looks…anatomically implausible. What is she doing to that poor man? Wait, are those cat ears?”

What pleasure do guys get by sucking female breasts?

“You need some tea!”

“No way.”

Claire, one of May’s three flatmates, former university roommate, and best friend in all the world, shrugged expansively. “It’s a Saturday night. What else would I be doing?”

“Cute girls?”

“Well, maybe if you didn’t spend all day reading—” May prodded the book with its garishly-coloured cover with her foot. “Bizarre comic book porn…”

Do that and you can ground your characters quite quickly.

“I’m glad my sex life is so entertaining.”

“I’m serious!” Claire said. “It’s staring straight at me.” She let the curtain fall. “Weird.”

“Fine.” May collapsed into the warm spot Claire had just vacated.

“Claire, I—”

Engaging in conversation that also shows something about their intelligence, personality, wit (or lack thereof); and

“I’m just a fan of your catch and release program.”

“Why is that always your first suggestion? I do not need some tea. It’s three o’clock in the morning! If I have tea, I’ll never get to sleep.”

“No, about the cat. You don’t need a cat. You remember what happened to your spider plant, right?”

“From the look of you, if you try to sleep now, you’ll spend the next three hours hanging onto your bed trying to stop the world spinning. Since you’re not going to sleep anyway, you might as well keep me company.”

In the kitchen, Claire set out a battered pair of mugs: May’s black, with “PEBKAC: Problem Exists Between Keyboard and Chair” in white letters; Claire’s white, with “This must be Thursday. I never could get the hang of Thursdays” in dark blue. She carried both mugs into the living room. “A moggie followed you home? Is this some weird Internet slang I’m not current on?”

“About wearing more clothes? How am I supposed to catch any fish if I don’t show off the bait?”

Create a context between this character and other characters.

“I need to do laundry.”

Doing something they enjoy, that expresses their personality, and that is in some way unusual or noteworthy;

“It’s not looking at you.”